If Trump continues the policies of his first term, but dial it up as many say he will. He will destroy not only NATO, but American international influence in general, because nobody can trust USA. That will do a lot of harm to American economics especially over time, USA has essentially decided the terms for international trade since WW2, helped by their many allies, ending that will be very costly for USA.
So they claim to track actual output themselves, but it’s still a very big question whether that is accurate?
I have heard that Chinese research is riddled with fake research papers estimated at about half of it being copied from works of others.
The same is allegedly true for getting into higher education in China, the competition is so steep that people cheat to get in.