The difference between make and female brains is very VERY small, but it’s not immeasurable. The critical point is that the differences seem to be exclusively concerning 1) the brain’s “map” of the busy, ie the brain is wired for certain hardware, and 2) reproductive instinct.
But even those areas are not 100% predictable, ie everything is a spectrum.
Estrogen signaling pathways identified which tell the brain to develop as one gender or the other, as well as mechanisms by which physical development can happen in one way while brain development can happen in the other https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-53500-y
The difference between make and female brains is very VERY small, but it’s not immeasurable. The critical point is that the differences seem to be exclusively concerning 1) the brain’s “map” of the busy, ie the brain is wired for certain hardware, and 2) reproductive instinct.
But even those areas are not 100% predictable, ie everything is a spectrum.
Here are a few studies demonstrating what I mean.
The brains of trans people more closely resemble those of their chosen gender identity than their natal sex https://www.ese-hormones.org/media/1506/transgender-brains-are-more-like-their-desired-gender-from-an-early-age.pdf
A trans person’s brain more closely resembles their chosen gender as demonstrated by their brain’s response to olfactory stimulation with androstadienone https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2014.00060/full
Estrogen signaling pathways identified which tell the brain to develop as one gender or the other, as well as mechanisms by which physical development can happen in one way while brain development can happen in the other https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-53500-y